Polonnaruwa
A Timeless Journey Through Sri Lanka’s Ancient Capital
Polonnaruwa, the second capital of Sri Lanka after Anuradhapura, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a must-visit destination for history and culture enthusiasts. This ancient city, located in the North Central Province, showcases well-preserved ruins of palaces, temples, and statues that reflect the grandeur of Sri Lanka’s medieval period. Beyond its historical significance, Polonnaruwa offers breathtaking landscapes, serene lakes, and abundant wildlife, making it a diverse and enriching travel experience.
Best Places to Visit in Polonnaruwa
The Royal Palace Complex
Once a majestic structure built by King Parakramabahu I, the Royal Palace is a stunning example of ancient Sri Lankan architecture. Although in ruins, the remnants of this seven-story palace still provide insight into its past grandeur.
Gal Vihara
One of the most iconic attractions in Polonnaruwa, Gal Vihara is a rock temple featuring four magnificent Buddha statues carved into a single granite rock. These statues, depicting different postures of the Buddha, are regarded as masterpieces of Sinhalese rock art.
The Sacred Quadrangle
This compact yet significant religious site consists of several ancient structures, including the Vatadage, which is an exquisitely designed circular relic house that once housed the Sacred Tooth Relic.
Rankoth Vehera
A striking stupa that resembles the famous Ruwanwelisaya in Anuradhapura, Rankoth Vehera is one of the largest stupas in Polonnaruwa and a place of spiritual significance.
Parakrama Samudra
A vast reservoir built by King Parakramabahu I, Parakrama Samudra is an engineering marvel that continues to supply water for irrigation. The lake’s scenic beauty and peaceful surroundings make it an ideal spot for relaxation.
Lankatilaka Vihara
This impressive image house features a massive standing Buddha statue flanked by towering brick walls. It is one of the best-preserved examples of Polonnaruwa’s unique architectural style.
Thivanka Image House
Known for its intricate frescoes and a giant Buddha statue bent in three places (hence the name “Thivanka”), this site is a must-visit for those interested in ancient Sri Lankan art and murals.
Nissanka Latha Mandapaya
A unique stone pavilion built by King Nissanka Malla, featuring intricately carved stone pillars designed to resemble lotus stalks. It was once used for religious recitals.
Exploring Polonnaruwa
The best way to explore Polonnaruwa is by bicycle or a guided tour, as it allows travelers to immerse themselves in the historical charm of the city while enjoying the scenic surroundings. The well-maintained archaeological sites, coupled with the tranquil environment, make it a fantastic destination for history lovers, photographers, and nature enthusiasts.